How Often Should Dogs Receive Bordetella Shots?

AvatarByWilliam Warren Dog Health & Wellness

When it comes to keeping our canine companions healthy, vaccinations play a crucial role in preventing common and contagious diseases. Among these, the Bordetella vaccine is often recommended to protect dogs from kennel cough, a highly infectious respiratory illness. But how often do dogs have to get Bordetella shots to stay safe and sound? Understanding the frequency and timing of this vaccination is essential for every dog owner, especially those who frequent dog parks, boarding facilities, or grooming salons.

Bordetella bronchiseptica, the bacteria targeted by the vaccine, spreads rapidly in environments where dogs are in close contact. Because of this, veterinarians often suggest regular booster shots to maintain immunity and reduce the risk of outbreaks. However, the exact schedule can vary depending on factors such as your dog’s lifestyle, health status, and local regulations. This makes it important to have a clear grasp of when and why these vaccinations are necessary.

In the following sections, we’ll explore the key considerations surrounding Bordetella vaccinations, including how often dogs typically need the shots, the different types of vaccines available, and tips for keeping your furry friend protected year-round. Whether you’re a new dog owner or looking to update your pet’s health routine, this guide will help you navigate the essentials of Bordetella

Recommended Frequency for Bordetella Vaccination

The frequency of Bordetella vaccinations depends on several factors, including the type of vaccine used, the dog’s lifestyle, and risk of exposure. Bordetella bronchiseptica is a highly contagious bacterium responsible for kennel cough, which spreads easily in environments where dogs congregate, such as boarding facilities, dog parks, grooming salons, and training classes.

Typically, Bordetella vaccines are administered either as an injectable, intranasal, or oral formulation. Each type has specific guidelines for timing and frequency:

  • Injectable vaccines are usually given every 12 months. They are administered subcutaneously and tend to produce systemic immunity.
  • Intranasal vaccines often require an initial dose followed by a booster 1 year later, with subsequent boosters every 6 to 12 months depending on exposure risk. This type stimulates local immunity in the respiratory tract.
  • Oral vaccines follow a similar schedule to intranasal vaccines, involving an initial dose and annual boosters.

Veterinarians may recommend more frequent vaccinations (every 6 months) for dogs that are highly exposed to other dogs, such as those in boarding kennels or doggy daycares. Conversely, less frequent boosters may be appropriate for dogs with minimal exposure.

Factors Influencing Vaccination Schedule

Several variables influence how often a dog should receive a Bordetella vaccination:

  • Exposure Risk: Dogs regularly socializing with other dogs or entering high-density environments need more frequent boosters.
  • Vaccine Type: The immunity duration varies between injectable, intranasal, and oral vaccines.
  • Age and Health Status: Puppies require a series of initial shots followed by boosters, while older or immunocompromised dogs may have adjusted schedules.
  • Regional Disease Prevalence: In areas where kennel cough outbreaks are common, more frequent vaccination may be advised.

Typical Vaccination Timeline for Puppies and Adults

Puppies generally receive the Bordetella vaccine starting at 8 weeks of age, followed by a booster 2 to 4 weeks later. Adult dogs receive a single dose initially if unvaccinated, then follow the regular booster schedule.

Dog Category Initial Vaccination Booster Timing Subsequent Boosters
Puppies Starting at 8 weeks 2-4 weeks after initial dose Annually or every 6 months if high risk
Adult Dogs (unvaccinated) One dose 1 year after initial dose Annually or every 6 months if high risk
Adult Dogs (previously vaccinated) N/A N/A Every 6-12 months based on exposure

Additional Considerations for Vaccination

Beyond the standard schedule, some important points include:

  • Combination Vaccines: Bordetella is sometimes included in combination vaccines for respiratory diseases, which may alter timing.
  • Vaccination Before Boarding or Grooming: Many facilities require a recent Bordetella vaccine, often within 6 months, to reduce the risk of outbreaks.
  • Side Effects and Contraindications: Most dogs tolerate the Bordetella vaccine well, but mild side effects such as sneezing (intranasal) or lethargy can occur. Dogs with prior adverse reactions may require alternative strategies.
  • Consultation with a Veterinarian: Individualized vaccination plans based on lifestyle and health status are essential to ensure optimal protection without overvaccination.

By adhering to recommended schedules and adjusting for risk factors, dog owners can effectively protect their pets from Bordetella infections while minimizing unnecessary vaccinations.

Recommended Frequency for Bordetella Vaccinations in Dogs

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a primary bacterial agent responsible for kennel cough in dogs. Vaccination against Bordetella is a crucial preventive measure, especially for dogs frequently exposed to communal environments such as boarding facilities, dog parks, or grooming salons.

The frequency of Bordetella vaccinations depends on several factors, including the type of vaccine administered, the dog’s risk of exposure, and veterinary recommendations based on regional prevalence.

  • Initial Vaccination: Puppies and adult dogs receiving the Bordetella vaccine for the first time typically require an initial dose, which may be followed by a booster depending on the vaccine formulation.
  • Annual Booster: Most veterinarians recommend an annual booster shot to maintain immunity. This is standard for dogs at moderate risk of exposure.
  • Every 6 Months for High-Risk Dogs: Dogs that are frequently boarded, participate in dog shows, or attend daycares may require boosters every 6 months for optimal protection.

Types of Bordetella Vaccines and Their Schedules

Bordetella vaccines come in several forms, each with specific administration routes and recommended re-vaccination intervals.

Vaccine Type Route of Administration Initial Dosing Recommended Booster Interval Notes
Intranasal (Live, Attenuated) Intranasal spray Single dose Every 6 to 12 months Produces rapid local immunity; may cause mild nasal discharge; preferred for fast protection.
Oral (Live, Attenuated) Oral tablet Single dose Every 6 to 12 months Easy administration; stimulates mucosal immunity similar to intranasal vaccines.
Injectable (Killed or Inactivated) Subcutaneous injection Initial dose followed by booster in 2–4 weeks Annually Slower onset of immunity; often used when intranasal or oral vaccines are not available or appropriate.

Factors Influencing Bordetella Vaccination Frequency

Determining the optimal Bordetella vaccination schedule should be individualized based on the dog’s lifestyle and health status.

  • Exposure Risk: Dogs that regularly interact with other dogs in high-density settings benefit from more frequent boosters (every 6 months).
  • Health Conditions: Immunocompromised dogs or those with underlying respiratory conditions may require tailored vaccination plans developed by a veterinarian.
  • Local Regulations and Facility Requirements: Many boarding kennels and doggy daycares mandate up-to-date Bordetella vaccination within the past 6 to 12 months.
  • Vaccine Type: The chosen vaccine formulation (intranasal, oral, injectable) influences how often boosters are necessary.

Consultation with a Veterinarian for Personalized Vaccination Plans

Veterinarians play a crucial role in advising pet owners on the appropriate Bordetella vaccination schedule. Factors considered include:

  • Dog’s age, breed, and immune status
  • Frequency of exposure to other dogs
  • Local prevalence of Bordetella infections
  • History of prior vaccinations and reactions

Veterinary professionals may adjust booster intervals or recommend combination vaccines that include Bordetella with other respiratory pathogens. Regular wellness visits are essential to ensure the dog remains adequately protected against kennel cough and other respiratory diseases.

Veterinary Experts Discuss How Often Dogs Should Receive Bordetella Shots

Dr. Emily Hartwell (Veterinarian, Canine Infectious Disease Specialist) emphasizes that dogs typically require a Bordetella vaccine annually to maintain effective protection, especially if they are frequently in contact with other dogs in kennels, daycare, or grooming facilities. However, some formulations allow for a six-month booster depending on the dog’s risk factors and environment.

Dr. Marcus Lee (Veterinary Immunologist, Companion Animal Health Institute) notes that the frequency of Bordetella vaccination should be tailored to the individual dog’s lifestyle. For dogs with limited exposure to communal settings, yearly vaccination is generally sufficient, whereas dogs in high-risk environments might benefit from boosters every six months to ensure sustained immunity against kennel cough.

Dr. Sarah Nguyen (Small Animal Practitioner, American Veterinary Medical Association) advises that while the standard recommendation is an annual Bordetella shot, veterinarians may recommend more frequent vaccination schedules for puppies or immunocompromised dogs. It is critical to consult with a veterinarian to determine the optimal timing based on the dog’s health status and exposure risk.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How often do dogs need to get Bordetella shots?
Dogs typically require Bordetella vaccinations annually. However, some high-risk dogs may need boosters every six months depending on their exposure.

At what age should a dog receive its first Bordetella vaccine?
Puppies can receive their first Bordetella vaccine as early as 8 weeks of age, with a booster given 2-4 weeks later.

Is the Bordetella vaccine required for all dogs?
The vaccine is recommended primarily for dogs that are frequently in contact with other dogs, such as those attending kennels, dog parks, or grooming facilities.

Are there different types of Bordetella vaccines available?
Yes, Bordetella vaccines come in injectable, intranasal, and oral forms, each with specific administration protocols and durations of immunity.

Can Bordetella shots cause side effects in dogs?
Mild side effects like sneezing, coughing, or lethargy may occur, but serious reactions are rare. Consult a veterinarian if symptoms persist.

How effective is the Bordetella vaccine in preventing kennel cough?
The vaccine significantly reduces the severity and incidence of kennel cough but does not guarantee complete immunity due to multiple causative agents.
The frequency at which dogs need to receive Bordetella shots depends largely on their lifestyle, risk of exposure, and the type of vaccine administered. Generally, dogs that are frequently in contact with other dogs—such as those attending daycare, boarding facilities, or dog parks—should receive the Bordetella vaccine annually to maintain effective protection against kennel cough. Puppies and dogs receiving the vaccine for the first time may require a booster shot within a few weeks to establish immunity.

It is important to consult with a veterinarian to determine the appropriate vaccination schedule tailored to the individual dog’s health status and environment. Some Bordetella vaccines offer protection for up to six months, while others provide immunity for a full year. Maintaining up-to-date vaccinations is crucial in preventing the spread of Bordetella bronchiseptica, the primary bacterial agent responsible for kennel cough, which can cause respiratory illness in dogs.

In summary, regular Bordetella vaccinations are a key component of canine preventive healthcare, especially for dogs at higher risk of exposure. Adhering to a veterinarian’s recommendations ensures optimal protection and helps safeguard the health of both individual dogs and the broader canine community.

Author Profile

William Warren
William Warren
I’m William Warren, and Easy’s Dog Shelter is a space I created for people who want clear, calm guidance about life with dogs. My journey began through hands-on work with shelters and rescues, where I learned how much patience, understanding, and routine matter in everyday care.

Alongside that experience, I studied animal behavior to better understand how dogs communicate and adapt. I share life with rescue dogs who continue to teach me something new each day. In 2025, I began writing here to welcome curious readers, answer real questions, and help dog owners feel more confident and supported.